James A. Garfield was the 20th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881, until his assassination on September 19, 1881. He was a member of the Republican Party and a strong supporter of civil rights and education. Garfield was born in Moreland Hills, Ohio, and served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. After the war, he became a lawyer and politician, serving in the House of Representatives and later as a senator. He was chosen as the Republican nominee for president in 1880 and won the election, but his presidency was cut short by his assassination. Despite his short time in office, Garfield is remembered for his strong leadership and commitment to civil rights and education.